postscript               package:base               R Documentation

_P_o_s_t_S_c_r_i_p_t _G_r_a_p_h_i_c_s

_D_e_s_c_r_i_p_t_i_o_n:

     `postscript' starts the graphics device driver for producing
     PostScript graphics.

     The auxiliary function `ps.options' can be used to set and view
     (if called without arguments) default values for the arguments to
     `postscript'.

_U_s_a_g_e:

     postscript(file = ifelse(onefile, "Rplots.ps", "Rplot%03d.ps"),
                onefile = TRUE,
                paper, family, encoding, bg, fg,
                width, height, horizontal, pointsize,
                pagecentre, print.it, command)

     ps.options(paper, horizontal, width, height, family, encoding,
                pointsize, bg, fg,
                onefile = TRUE, print.it = FALSE, append = FALSE,
                reset = FALSE, override.check = FALSE)
     .PostScript.Options

_A_r_g_u_m_e_n_t_s:

    file: a character string giving the name of the file.  If it is
          `""', the output is piped to the command given by the
          argument `command'. If it is `"|cmd"', the output is piped to
          the command given by `cmd'.

          For use with `onefile=FALSE' give a `printf' format such as
          `"Rplot%d.ps"' (the default in that case). 

     ...: further options for `postscript()' :

   paper: the size of paper in the printer.  The choices are `"a4"',
          `"letter"', `"legal"' and `"executive"' (and these can be
          capitalized). Also, `"special"' can be used, when the `width'
          and `height' specify the paper size.  A further choice is
          `"default"', which is the default.  If this is selected, the
          papersize is taken from the option `"papersize"' if that is
          set and to `"a4"' if it is unset or empty.

horizontal: the orientation of the printed image, a logical. Defaults
          to true, that is landscape orientation.

width, height: the width and height of the graphics region in inches.
          The default is to use the entire page less a 0.25 inch border
          on each side.

  family: the font family to be used. EITHER a single character string
          which must be one of `"AvantGarde"', `"Bookman"',
          `"Courier"', `"Helvetica"', `"Helvetica-Narrow"',
          `"NewCenturySchoolbook"', `"Palatino"' or `"Times"', OR a
          character vector of length four. 

encoding: the name of an encoding file. Defaults to "ISOLatin1.enc" in
          the `R_HOME/afm' directory, which is used if the path does
          not contain a path separator.  An extension `".enc"' can be
          omitted.

pointsize: the default point size to be used.

      bg: the default background color to be used.

      fg: the default foreground color to be used.

 onefile: logical: if true (the default) allow multiple figures in one
          file. If false, generate a file name containing the page
          number and give EPSF header and no `DocumentMedia' comment.

pagecentre: logical: should the device region be centred on the page:
          defaults to true.

print.it: logical: should the file be printed when the device is
          closed?  (This only applies if `file' is a real file name.)

 command: the command to be used for ``printing''. Defaults to option
          `"printcmd"'; this can also be selected as `"default"'.

  append: logical; currently disregarded; just there for compatibility
          reasons.

_D_e_t_a_i_l_s:

     `postscript(..)' opens the file `file' and the PostScript commands
     needed to plot any graphics requested are stored in that file.
     This file can then be printed on a suitable device to obtain hard
     copy.

     A postscript plot can be printed via `postscript' in two ways.

        1.  Setting `print.it = TRUE' causes the command given in
           argument `command' to be called with argument `"file"' when
           the device is closed. Note that the plot file is not deleted
           unless command arranges to delete it.

        2.  `file=""' or `file="|cmd"' can be used to print using a
           pipe on systems that support `popen'.

     The postscript produced by R is EPS (Encapsulated PostScript)
     compatible, and can be included into other documents, e.g. into
     LaTeX, using `\includegraphics{<filename>}'.  For use in this way
     you will probably want to set `horizontal=FALSE, onefile=FALSE,
     paper="special"'.

     Most of the PostScript prologue used is taken from the R character
     vector `.ps.prolog'.  This is marked in the output, and can be
     changed by changing that vector.  (This is only advisable for
     PostScript experts.)

     If the second form of argument `"family"' is used, it should be a
     set of four paths to Adobe Font Metric files for the regular,
     bold, italic and bold italic fonts to be used.  If these paths do
     not contain the file separator, they are taken to refer to files
     in the R directory `R_HOME/afm'.  Thus the default Helvetica
     family can be specified by `family = c("hv______.afm",
     "hvb_____.afm", "hvo_____.afm", "hvbo____.afm")'.

     It is the user's responsibility to check that suitable fonts are
     made available, and that they contain the needed characters when
     re-encoded.  The fontnames used are taken from the `FontName'
     fields of the `afm' files.  The software including the PostScript
     plot file should either embed the font outlines (usually from
     `.pfb' or `.pfa' files) or use DSC comments to instruct the print
     spooler to do so.

     As ISOLatin1 encoding is used, `-' is set as a minus and not as a
     hyphen.  Supply a hyphen (character 173) if that is what you need.

_E_n_c_o_d_i_n_g_s:

     Encodings describe which glyphs are used to display the character
     codes (in the range 0-255).  By default R uses ISOLatin1 encoding,
     and the examples for `text' are in that encoding.  However, the
     encoding used on machines running R may well be different, and by
     using the `encoding' argument the glyphs can be matched to
     encoding in use.

     None of this will matter if only ASCII characters (codes 32-126)
     are used as all the encodings agree over that range.  Some
     encodings are supersets of ISOLatin1, too.  However, if accented
     and special characters do not come out as you expect, you may need
     to change the encoding.  Three other encodings are supplied with
     R: `"WinAnsi.enc"' and `"MacRoman.enc"' correspond to the
     encodings normally used on Windows and MacOS (at least by Adobe),
     and `"PDFDoc.enc"' is the first 256 characters of the Unicode
     encoding, the standard for PDF.

     If you change the encoding, it is your responsibility to ensure
     that the PostScript font contains the glyphs used .  One issue
     here is the Euro symbol which is in the WinAnsi and MacRoman
     encodings but may well not be in the PostScript fonts.  (It is in
     the URW variants; it is not in the supplied Adobe Font Metric
     files.)

     There is one exception.  Character 45 (`"-"') is always set as
     minus (its value in Adobe ISOLatin1) even though it is hyphen in
     the other encodings.  Hyphen is available as character 173 (octal
     0255) in ISOLatin1.

_S_e_e _A_l_s_o:

     `Devices', {`check.options' which is called from both `ps.options'
     and `postscript'}.

_E_x_a_m_p_l_e_s:

     # open the file "foo.ps" for graphics output
     postscript("foo.ps")
     # produce the desired graph(s)
     dev.off()              # turn off the postscript device
     postscript("|lp -dlw")
     # produce the desired graph(s)
     dev.off()              # plot will appear on printer



     stopifnot(unlist(ps.options()) == unlist(.PostScript.Options))
     ps.options(bg = "pink")
     str(ps.options(reset = TRUE))

     ### ---- error checking of arguments: ----
     ps.options(width=0:12, onefile=0, bg=pi)
     # override the check for 'onefile', but not the others:
     str(ps.options(width=0:12, onefile=1, bg=pi, override.check = c(F,T,F)))

     ###  ---- Use TeX's Computer Modern fonts --- 
     ## Only use alphanumeric chars here.
     postscript(family=paste("/myfonts/afm/",
        c("cmr10", "cmbx10", "cmsl10", "cmbxsl10"), ".afm", sep=""))
     ## The resultant postscript file can be used by dvips provided
     ## font subsetting is disabled (by flag -j0)

